Brick stove lining

Metal furnaces have long won their place in the construction of baths. They are distinguished by their quality characteristics and effectiveness, however, their use in the "naked" form is strongly not recommended both in relation to human health, and based on existing safety standards. For this purpose, metal stoves in a house or bath are bricked.

Why do stoves are bricked

Despite the fact that many metal stoves in their original form can serve as a decoration for a bath, do not avoid cladding them with bricks, especially since with the use of ingenuity, the furnace design can be very advantageously beaten with this.

Lining a metal furnace is usually done for the following series of reasons:

  • Fast heating of the iron structure. This is dangerous for human health, since the body needs more time to adapt to the new bath temperature.
  • Rapid temperature loss. Due to the high thermal conductivity, the unlined metal furnace also rapidly loses its operating temperature. To maintain it, constant supervision and growth of firewood and coal will be required, which significantly increases the consumption of materials.
  • Air drying. The metal heats and dries the air significantly faster, making the steam room less comfortable.
  • Chance of severe burn. A fleeting contact of the skin with a metal surface will result in a high degree burn. Very often the stove is touched by hands.

You can get rid of these problems separately, for example, the finish of a metal shield will help to quickly lose temperature, but at the same time, other indicators significantly increase for the worse, which ultimately makes the usefulness of such a shield doubtful. The lining of the furnace can eliminate this set of disadvantages. Most of the models now produced are initially designed in such a way that it would be convenient to lay their lining in the future.

The lining allows you to reward the oven with the following several advantages:

  1. long and smooth heat transfer;
  2. reducing the amount of fuel needed to maintain the desired temperature;
  3. pleasant not overdried heat;
  4. safer use;
  5. giving an attractive appearance to even the cheapest and simplest in design furnaces.

What materials are used

The lining of the furnace is best made of brick. There are other more exotic options, but this one is the most cost-effective.

Important: silicate brick is absolutely not suitable for facing the furnace. It is not provided with sufficient resistance to humidity and high temperature, so it quickly falls into unsuitable condition and collapses.

The optimal and most commonly used materials for facing the furnace from the inside and the outside are the following types of bricks:

  • ceramic (light in weight, and has good indicators of reliability and durability);
  • fireclay (although it is less attractive in appearance compared to ceramic bricks, it is much better resistant to strong temperature changes).

It is not forbidden to combine materials: for example, the main masonry is made of fireclay bricks, and the outer lining around is made of ceramic for greater attractiveness. This is very often seen in the photo.

Technology

To obtain good efficiency when performing brickwork for facing the furnace, it is not enough just to place it next to the type of shield. Such a design will not have sufficient parameters both in terms of temperature containment and in safety. In order for the masonry to provide the desired result, it is necessary to perform it qualitatively. It’s good if you have the skills and experience of a bricklayer, if not, then you will have to spend more time on preparation.

Currently, the following methods of laying bricks are popular:

  • continuous cladding (quick heat transfer, but attractive appearance and better safety);
  • heat shield (good safety for humans, a slight increase in heat transfer efficiency);
  • convector lining with vents (the most optimal option in size and efficiency).

Solution

Laying a brick without a quality mortar is a waste of time and materials, so it is important to approach the preparation of it properly. Typically, masons for this purpose use either a special purchased mortar, or home-made clay and cement. There is no ideal proportion due to differences in the quality of the starting materials. When mixing, you should pay attention to concentration: it should be similar in thickness to fat sour cream. Often sand is added to the mixture to make it thick.

Important: the concentration of sand in the mixture should not be more than 30%.

The mixture is whipped with a construction mixer to maximum uniformity. After this, the solution is left to rest for half an hour. During this time, it additionally thickens, which should be taken into account when mixing.

Be sure to plan how much material you need directly for one day. Harvesting the mixture in advance does not make sense. If you still have a lot of material, then the next day you can dilute it with a mixture of water and sand.

Base

To form the base of the furnace, weighing together with a lining of more than 700 kg, installation of the foundation is necessary. It should be noted that it should not be connected with the base of the bath, so that if it is distorted, the furnace will not lead. If there is no need for a foundation, then the beams (not necessarily rotten) are covered from above with a layer of refractory material, which must be carefully fixed.

Important: according to SNIP. 21-01-97 (Fire safety of buildings and structures) the minimum gap between the brickwork for facing the stove and the wooden wall should be at least 10 cm. A larger gap will significantly slow down the heating of the stove.

To start creating a foundation is only after the foundation has finally frozen. It should be common to the furnace itself and its lining, so that a uniform load distribution is ensured.

Initially, one layer of brick is laid out, after which the level checks the horizontal masonry. With the help of roofing material it is necessary to provide the base with waterproofing. It is fixed so that it provides full coverage of the walls and bottom without gaps. For this, strips of material are overlapped, and the edges are lubricated with a bitumen mass and pressed until they set. Replace roofing material in its absence can be a double layer of an ordinary film.

After the formation of the base, the furnace is installed, after which the horizontal position of the entire structure is checked again. To protect the furnace from mortar during facing work, it should be wrapped with a film.

Sequence

Compliance with a certain sequence when laying a brick as a cladding will make it the most high-quality, effective and durable.

Important: Before laying, it is necessary to prepare a brick. The required amount is thoroughly cleaned and soaked in cold water for 12 hours. This is done so that it does not draw moisture from the solution during masonry.

The shape of the lining is selected based on the model of the furnace. It is best to give preference to parallelepiped forms, since the lining of round furnaces is much more complicated. The distance between the brick and the stove should be no more than 5 cm, so that the properties of the heater are improved, and not lost in empty space.

In general, all work is represented by the following set of actions:

  • The beginning of the row is best done from the corner. It must be immediately checked by level. To ensure proper horizontalness during masonry, use a goniometer and a plumb line.
  • The mortar is carefully applied with a trowel on the brick (you must get rid of the excess mixture immediately). Please note that the inside of the cladding should not be covered with mortar. After it dries, it will adversely affect the air circulation in the gap.
  • In the second row, you need to make air gaps. For a small furnace, it will be enough to arrange two airways half a brick thick. They also sit on the sixth and eighth row. Do not get carried away with them: too much will significantly reduce the thermal insulation properties of the cladding.
  • To ensure good rigidity, a reinforcing mesh must be placed on the second row. After laying the third row, it is pulled together with the previous wire.
  • The third row is laid out in accordance with the first in a checkerboard pattern. The seam should be at least 5 mm.
  • When laying, do not forget about the oven door. For its design, a metal corner is installed on the right row. Extra rigidity is created by wire binding. Brickwork should be done so that the door does not come into contact with it when opening and closing.
  • The last row is arbitrary. Often, at this stage, the lining of the furnace is given additional decorativeness.
  • Usually, for a full lining of the furnace, it is enough to lay up to 15 rows. At the same time, it would be better to divide the work into two days approximately in half. This is done so that the material shrinks during the night, and in the morning you can verify its real horizontalness. In case of deviations with this method, it is possible to correct them.

Upon completion of the lining of the furnace, it is necessary to carry out several test fires (two or three are enough). Attaining maximum temperature is not necessary at all. This is done in order to dry the solution as much as possible, thereby giving it additional reliability.

Watch the video: How To Make A Chimney Pipe And Fire Brick Rocket Stove (March 2024).

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